Incorporating Personal Responsibility in the College...

PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY ESSAY Success in college requires one to identify key aspects of personal responsibility, understand the relationship between personal responsibility and college success, and establish a specific plan to follow that will ensure he or she incorporates the various elements of personal responsibility in every facet of his or her college experience. The notion of personal responsibility has been embedded in our culture and as we enter into adulthood we must learn to become personally, academically, financially, socially and mentally responsible. There are times when you may feel you are responsible and may not need or want the help of others in your life. However, life is full of challenges and surprises and it is easy to shift the blame to others if things don’t go your way. You must learn to take responsibility by accepting and acknowledging the choices you make in your live. You are where you are in life today because of the choice you made. You made decisions that either benefitted or hindered you. How you accept and acknowledges your personal responsibility depends on how you handle the outcomes of your decisions. I look at personal responsibility as you accepting responsibility for your actions, accepting the consequences that come from those actions and understanding that these actions impact the world around you. Life itself is already full of challenges and once you learn to accept the decisions you made and not blaming others for your actions,Show MoreRelatedPersonal Phyosophy in Nursing764 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing Applying the four Metaparadigms Danice Thorne Transition to BSN Kristine Hilton amp; Beth Pecora October 24, 2015 Introduction It is the nurse’s responsibility to provide optimal care for the patient. This doesn’t begin and end with only the patient who is ill, nor does it end when a patient goes home. To provide a patient quality care holistically the nurse may apply one or more theories. The nurse will decide whichever theory is applicable to theRead MoreThe Responsibilities And Boundaries Of Teachers1137 Words   |  5 Pagesspecialist student at Newcastle College. My placement is in the school of civil engineering and construction at Newcastle College, where I am teaching GCSE maths and functional skill level 1 and 2. In this piece of work, I will describe and critically reflects on the responsibilities and boundaries in relation to the teaching role from my point of view, and I will also identify and critically evaluate the use of different assessment methods. The responsibilities and boundaries of teachers are centredRead MoreUnderstanding Roles, Responsibilities And Relationships1104 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding roles, responsibilities and relationships in education and training Globalization creates more opportunity for people to learn and share their experience. On the other hand, teachers get more challenge to set their own roles, responsibilities and relationships in education and training as they evolve with time and circumstance. To avoid these problems scholars set some common roles, responsibilities and relationship with educational curriculum. This report aims to analyse the rolesRead MoreUnderstanding The Wheaton College Culture And Services1636 Words   |  7 PagesUnderstanding the Wheaton College Culture and Services Wheaton College is a four-year, private liberal arts college with a student body of approximately 1,600. The small size of the campus and student body serve to make Wheaton a close-knit and student-centered community. The mission of the institution is to provide â€Å"a transformative liberal arts education for intellectually curious students in a collaborative, academically vibrant residential community that values a diverse world† (History andRead MoreContrast Two Reflective Practice Models1038 Words   |  5 Pageslearning cycle† which as its name implies is based on learning from experience - the theory being that you can learn from your mistakes. It starts with a concrete experience such as taking a lesson; role-playing or some other activity. In the Kolb model it is essential that the individual does the task - observing won’t do. In both Kolb amp; Brookfield it is also important to keep a reflective diary or journal to record your experiences during th e lesson since this provides evidence of your developmentRead MoreReflection On Business Communication752 Words   |  4 Pagesapplications for company presentations. Therefore, as a college student who aims to be successful in the commercial industry adapting to a professional communication style is a vital element for career success. Skillfully, this course has changed my outlook of interactively communicating with others by learning key elements which will continue to develop and expand my skills both personally and professionally. Although I’ve acquired skills through experience, this course enhanced my communication skills byRead MoreStudy Skills: Managing Time as an Adult Learner1408 Words   |  6 Pagesadulthood; however, adults are also compelled to go back to school to further their education in order to gain more employable skills, change their career path, or to fulfill a personal goal. Although adult learners are just as capable as understanding new information as younger learners, the adult learner typically has more personal obligations that can distract from studying and lower performance in the classroom (Davis, 2012). Adult learners must sharpen their study skills, which includes such tasksRead MoreProfessional Nurse Practice Act ( Bsn ) Curriculum1347 Words   |  6 Pages(2013). The pl an builds on self-assessment findings completed as part of Grand Canyon University’s nursing education seminar course, Georgia Baptist College of Nursing of Mercer University’s knowledge and theory development in nursing course, and Berry College’s annual faculty report. Resources for student and academic services will be the responsibility of the proposed parent institution, Reinhardt University (RU) and will be evaluated on a regular basis. While budget and course development are notRead MoreRacial Discrimination : African American Adolescents School And Socioemotional Adjustment By Carol A. Wong1060 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents and other races are impacted academically and/or psychologically through what they experience at school from their teachers and peers—limiting how their home life influences their academic performance as well as psychology. Wong has focused his study on ethnicity and psychological development, one of many approaches and only a small portion of how ethnicity influences development; I will include some personal thoughts of mine as well as concepts I have learned from class and other readings. SomeRead MoreTeacher Resistance Can Cause Barriers When Implementing Technology in the Schools1568 Words   |  7 PagesObviously teachers were not replaced by televisions, but there was a real scare for some, especially when school districts were investing in the creation of educational shows and resources. According to Reiser (2002), this trend of investing and incorporating audio and visual tools continued for some time, eventually becoming common place in most classrooms. Simon (1969) put it best when describing the use of technology, saying that it should not be to replace the teacher, rather introduce a new way

Technological Advancements With Cell Phones Have...

Technological advancements with cell phones have drastically improved information access that we have today. Applications loaded on a smart phone can access the internet, social media sites, video phone calls, texts and place a simple phone call. This access is unrestrictive and available 24 hours a day and 7 days a week, with one exception, never to be used while you are operating a motor vehicle. The use of a cell phone while operating a vehicle places the user and all others on the road in danger, and should be made illegal in all states, by any driver. Currently there are 49 states and U.S Territories that have some type of law that restricts the use of a phone while driving (Distraction). Each state has implemented legislation differently, though, resulting in dissimilar laws and methods of enforcement by police across the country. Most states currently outlaw the use of texting on a device, while driving, but these can be either a primary or secondary law and according to the age of the driver. A primary law being one that you can be stopped directly for using a phone, while a secondary law, an officer must observe some other offense first, like speeding. This ambiguity in laws leads to confusion to drivers and the faulty logic that using your phone to text is not that dangerous, because if it were, it would be illegal everywhere. The National Safety Council estimates that over 28% of all crashes are a result of distracted drivers, with over 200,000 accidentsShow MoreRelatedCell Phone2102 Words   |  9 PagesCellular Phones in Society The cellular phone is perhaps one of the greatest innovations known to man. The cellular phone coupled with technological advancements has influenced the lives of people from all lifestyles globally. However, the cellular phone has undergone massive evolution over time from the bulky hand-held telephone at its beginning to the hand-held mobile devices it is today. Through evolution the cellular phone has a positive effect on society. The cellular phone startedRead MoreThe Globalization of Cell Phones2179 Words   |  9 PagesPrinciples of Globalization Globalization is a process of collaboration and amalgamation among different cultural groups, a process driven by trade, investment and the advancement of technology. It creates a world where everyone is united and there is a single culture flowing through many different lifestyles, effecting environment, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and the physical well-being of individuals (www.globalization101.org). The concept of globalization has beenRead MoreImpact Of Technology On Society : What Is Technology? Essay1557 Words   |  7 Pagesany technological system. Technology is comprised of the products and process created by engineers to meet our need and wants to extend our cabalists. Changes in technology Throughout history, developments in technology and communications have gone hand-in-hand, and the latest technological developments such as Industrialization, Urbanization, Modernization, Development of the means of transport and communication, Unemployment, Changes in social institutions have resulted in the advancement ofRead MoreTechnology s Impact On Healthcare1227 Words   |  5 Pages It’s the twelfth of April 2017. A nursing student sits inside an average home. The lights are brightly lit. A computer sits atop the student’s lap. A television is across the room. A cellular phone is nearby. In the kitchen there are many appliances. These are everyday pieces of technology present these days. Technology is defined as â€Å"the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation and use of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon suchRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives2038 Words   |  9 Pageswear a mask†, and â€Å"A wood that covers things.† As one can see, the newer generations didn t have the slightest idea of what an overhead is, while older students have grown up with the use of one. This is due to how technology has been advancing throughout the years and it will continue to change as time goes on. When the word technology is brought up, many people think it only applies to computers, cell phones or television. Certainly those listed are valid examples of technology, however technologyRead MoreCase Study Telecom Pakistan5731 Words   |  23 PagesLtd (PTCL) 4 1.4 National Telecommunication Corporation 4 1.5 Telecard 5 1.6 Worldcall 5 1.7 Long distance, International gateway (LDI) 5 2. Privatization of PTCL 6 3. Growth in mobile phone 7 4. Evolution of investment liberalization 8 5. Evolution of Technology 9 6. Access to telecommunication services: 9 7. Evolution of Pricing Policy 13 8. Telecom Sector and Revenue Generation 15 9. Labour Demand and Supply Effect: 16 10. Perception Survey: 17 10.1 Methodology:Read MoreExternal Analysis of Apple Inc10072 Words   |  41 PagesDemographic Segment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.1.2. Economic Segment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3.1.3. Political/Legal Segment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.1.4. Socio-Cultural Segment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3.1.5. Technological Segment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.1.6. Global Segment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.1.7. Summary of General Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3.1.8. Driving Forces †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3.2 Industry AnalysisRead MoreE-Banking in Bangladesh3396 Words   |  14 PagesCustomers access ebanking services using an intelligent electronic device, such as a Personal Computer (PC), Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), Automated Teller Machine (ATM), Kiosk, or Touch Tone Telephone. E-banking refers to the PC Banking, Internet Banking, Virtual Banking, Online Banking, Home Banking, Remote Electronic Banking, and Phone Banking. E-banking includes the systems that enable Bank customers, individuals or businesses, to access accounts, transact business, or obtain information on financialRead MoreWireless Technology Essay16392 Words   |  66 PagesWireless Technology (Wenclewicz) You just awoke and looked out your window, and to your surprise, your car is covered with 5 inches of snow. You have to leave for work in 40 minutes but you still need to take a shower and get things ready for your day. You do not have the extra time to go outside and warm your car up before you leave, but you have remote start and with just a click of a button, you are able to start your car while you are getting ready. This is just one of the many things thatRead MoreMarketing Proposal Project5597 Words   |  23 Pagesproviders of high-growth communications services. Verizon companies are the largest providers of wire line and wireless communications in the United States, with nearly 135 million access line equivalents and over 30 million wireless customers. Verizon is also the world s largest provider of print and online directory information. A Fortune 10 company with more than 241,000 employees and $67 billion in 2001 revenues, Verizon s global presence extends to 45 countries in the Americas, Europe, Asia and

Software Engineering Analysis - Modeling And Design

Question: Discuss about the Software engineering for Analysis, Modeling And Design? Answer: This paper is aimed at provide an insight into the different stages of a System's life cycle and basic differences between the said model and the system's development life cycle (SDLC) model. System's life cycle: The term system lifecycle is defined as that view of any existing or proposed system that is capable of addressing to all the phases of its existence. Researchers are of the opinion that the entire life cycle of any system can be subdivided in to the following phases: Figure 1: System's life cycle (Source: Docs.oracle.com 2016) The requirement analysis phase: The requirement analysis stage consists of the following subtasks: Business analyses: This stage of the life cycle of a system is concerned with the task of identifying the business requirement of the system, besides identifying the goals and objectives with which the system is being designed. Technical requirements: Use case models of the designed or proposed system are developed in this stage of the system life cycle, so as to gain an insight into the methods that are utilized by the system to meet its objectives (Docs.oracle.com 2016). iii. Logical Design: The logical architecture of the system is developed in this stage of the life cycle. Deployment: The deployment stage is the second phase of life cycle of any system. Researchers are of the opinion that the deployment stage can be subdivided in to the following sub tasks: Deployment Design: The deployment design phase is concerned with the development of the deployment architecture from the deployment scenario and the development of the implementation design (Docs.oracle.com 2016). Deployment Implementation: The deployment implementation phases consist of the following activities: Hardware built out and software installation System configuration System customization and System development System Testing Production Roll Out Operations: This particular phase is concerned with the utilization, monitoring and maintenance of the system. The resource: The technical overview report titled Life-Cycle Concepts, which has been released by the Sun Microsystems have been used for writing this report (Docs.oracle.com 2016). The article has been selected because of the following reasons: The relevance of the article with the topic being discussed in the paper. Since the Sun Microsystems is renowned name in the domain of Information Technology, it can only be assumed that the technical reports published by them contain authentic information. Comparison between System life cycle and a system's development life cycle (SDLC): In the light of the discussion made in the above sections, it can thus be conclude that the System life cycle addresses to all the phases that an existing or proposed system undergoes. The SDLC model, as the name indicates, is concerned with the phases or stages that a system undergoes while it is being developed (Barthe, Pardo and Schneider 2011). The various phases of system's development life cycle have been depicted in the following diagram: Figure 2: SDLC model (Source: Barthe, Pardo and Schneider 2011 pp-86) Thus it can be said that the system development life cycle model concentrates primarily on the deployment stage of life cycle of a system. References: Barthe, G., Pardo, A. and Schneider, G., 2011. Software engineering and formal methods. Heidelberg: Springer. Docs.oracle.com, 2016. Chapter 4 Life-Cycle Concepts. [online] Docs.oracle.com. Available at: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19263-01/817-5764/stages.html [Accessed 15 Mar. 2016].

One Of The Greatest International Economic Debates Of All Time Has Bee

One of the greatest international economic debates of all time has been the issue of free trade versus protectionism. Proponents of free trade believe in opening the global market, with as few restrictions on trade as possible. Proponents of protectionism believe in concentrating on the welfare of the domestic economy by limiting the open-market policy of the United States. However, what effects does this policy have for the international market and the other respective countries in this market? The question is not as complex as it may seem. Both sides have strong viewpoints representing their respective opinions, and even the population of the United States is divided when it comes to taking a stand in the issue. After examining all factors on the two conflicting sides, it is clear that protectionism, from the side of the United States, is the only way the American industrial economy can expand for the benefit of its citizens and for its national welfare. The economy needs to get it self out of the huge deficit hole that it has created for itself, and lean towards protectionist measures. The dictionary definition of free trade states it as a policy of allowing people of one country to buy and sell from other countries without restrictions. This idea originated with the influential British economist, philosopher, and author of The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith. He inspired the writings of great economists such as David Ricardo, Karl Marx, Thomas Malthus, and others. According to Smith, specialization and trade is the best solution to create a flourishing American economy, with its industries ruling the economic world. William H. Peterson, holder of the Lundy Chair of Business Philosophy at Campbell University, agrees with Smith's philosophy. He states that the idea of free trade allows the efficient use of economic resources and will promote international cooperation. One of the biggest examples of international cooperation is the Bretton Woods system that origi nated from a 1944 conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. Those participants in this conference created three organizations to help regulate the international economy. The first is the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which was established with the idea of regulating monetary policy. One of the benchmarks of the IMF is the stabilization of exchange rates and the loaning of money to help stabilize countries with balance of payments deficits. The second organization established was the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) whose main focus was on a liberal trading order. Their mission was to reduce trade barriers on manufactured goods and to build-up the principle of most-favored nation (MFN) status. This would impose a sense of fairness between countries in that each was required to levy the same low tariffs on each others imports. The third and final organization sponsored by Bretton Woods is the World Bank. The World Bank's most ambitious aim was the fostering of econo mic development. This is accomplished through loans to struggling countries. In addition to the World Bank, the International Finance Corporation was annexed to provide loans to corporations who are seen to help aide in poor countries' development. These three organizations within the Bretton Woods agreement captured the cooperation of the global community due to the one thing they all found in common: a commitment to a free market and economic freedom. In the 17th and 18th century, the American revolution was triggered by the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765. The Sugar Act imposed import duties on foreign molasses, sugar, wine, and other commodities. The Stamp Act provided a tax on all important documents, periodicals, almanacs, pamphlets, and playing cards. The colonists believed that these control practices were unfounded since they advocated "No taxation without Representation." These protectionist measures contributed to the conflict which led to the American revolut ion. Similarly, protectionism also led to the Civil War. During the Civil War era, the industrial North was goading the agricultural South through the highly disputed Tariff of Abominations of 1828 and 1832. This high tariff protected the northern manufactures while the South demanded a low tariff in order to trade its cotton for cheap foreign goods. Eventually, these conflicts led to issues of secession, which thus led to the Civil War. Through

buy custom Descriptive Statistics essay

buy custom Descriptive Statistics essay The numbers that are used in the summarizing and describing of data constitute what is called descriptive statistics. Data can be any information collected from a survey, experiment or a historical record. For instance if one is analyzing the birth certificates of children from a given State, then the percentage of certificates given out in that state or the average age of mothers, can constitute the descriptive statistic of the data. Any number that is used in the computation is also taken as a descriptive statistics for the data from the computed statistic. A number of descriptive statistics may be used at once for better description of the data (Lane, 2003). There are various ways in which statistical data can be interpreted. This includes measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. This provides shorthand in the description of the distribution of data. Measures of central tendency include the mean, mode and median. Measures of dispersion are the range, variance and standard deviation (Ryan, 2004). For example in a survey carried out to examine the dominance of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, a measurement of systolic blood pressure was done twice on each patient to ascertain the reliability of the measures. A calculation of the difference between the measures was done for each of the 10,000 patients and relative distribution of the same plotted. The mean difference was found to be 0 mmHg and standard deviation was 2 mmHg. Since the distribution was symmetrical, it was estimated that 95% of the difference lay within 4 mmHg of the mean, 0. So from this, if a persons measures differ by 4 mmHg then this will be unusual and therefore has a risk of getting a cardiovascular disease. This will call for the necessary measures to be taken in terms of treatmen. Or in the estimation of birth weight that is symmetrically distributed in a population. The proportion of babies who will weigh less than 2000 grams can be calculated. If the newborns mean weight is 3500 grams and standar d deviation is 750 grams, then if there is no other information, 0.025 or 2.5% of the newborns will weigh less than 2000 grams because this is two standard deviations below the mean (Arsham, 2010). Still in the medical world data collection and interpretation should be done very carefully as it is likely to affect the livelihood of others. This is especially in the case of public health whereby governments need to take measures in advance concerning various issues basing their judgment on the interpretation of the current statistics. There are different types of probabilities that can be used, these are; marginal probability, conditional probability, joint probability and union probability. These can be used in different methods such as the classical method of probability, the relative frequency of occurrence and the subjective probability. The most misused probability is the subjective probabilities. They are based on an individuals intuition, feelings or experience. In this world almost every person has an opinion and would like to share it. They are not unethical to use but can be misleading and disastrous to decision makers. This is especially in the medical field where all the actions need to be justified. Operating on intuitions ca n be very risky and might lead to loss of lives. What a person needs to know is that the rules and laws of probability are for the long run (Arjomand, 1996) For example if a coin is tossed, even though we know that the probability of getting a head is 5, the result will not obviously be a head and one can not get a half head. But on several tosses a head will be got. Take for instance an oil prospecting company , suppose the probability that it will strike oil is 10, this means that in the long run, if enough holes are drilled, the company should strike oil in about 10% of the holes. What if the company has just enough money to drill one hole? This means that it will either get a dry hole or strike oil. If this is not put into consideration, the companys decision to drill oil might be disastrous. Classical statistics on the other hand could be used unethically to lure companies or clients into making short-run investments hoping to get something in return when in actual terms the company or client may win or lose. In the case of the oil company, it will not get back 10% by drilling one hole; it will either win or lose (Black, 2009) Conclusion In descriptive statistics there is always a tendency for people to ignore examining data thoroughly by descriptive means. They tend to rush on applying statistical tests on the given data without confirming whether the data is accurate. People involved in dealing with descriptive statistics should therefore always strive to take time to examine descriptively a set of data using different perspectives to get a clear picture of it. This way they will be able to discriminate against much sense and nonsense. The types of probability that exist are the marginal probability, the conditional probability, the joint probability and the union probability. The classical method of assigning probability relies on events prior or before they take place. The relative frequency of occurrence assigns probability basing on empirically derived data or historical data. Subjective probabilities on the other hand rely on the knowledge, feelings and personal experiences in assigning probability (Statistics , 2006). Buy custom Descriptive Statistics essay

Description and History of AK-47 Assault Rifle

Description and History of AK-47 Assault Rifle AK-47 Specifications Cartridge: 7.62 x 39mmCapacity: 10-75 rounds depending on magazine usedMuzzle Velocity: 2,346 ft./sec.Effective Range: 330-440 yds.Weight: approx. 9.5 lbs.Length: 34.3 in.Barrel Length: 16.3 in.Sights: Adjustable iron sights,Action: Gas-operated, rotating boltNumber Built: approx. 75 million, 100 million AK-47-style weapons Development The evolution of the modern assault rifle began during World War II with the German development of the Sturmgewehr 44 (StG44). Entering service in 1944, the StG44 provided German soldiers with the firepower of a submachine gun, but with better range and accuracy. Encountering the StG44 on the Eastern Front, Soviet forces began looking for a similar weapon. Utilizing the 7.62 x 39mm M1943 cartridge, Alexey Sudayev designed the AS-44 assault rifle. Tested in 1944, it was found to be too heavy for widespread use. With the failure of this design, the Red Army temporarily halted its search for an assault rifle. In 1946, it returned to the issue and opened a new design competition. Among those who entered was Mikhail Kalashnikov. Wounded at the 1941 Battle of Bryansk, he had begun designing weapons during the war and had previously entered a design for a semi-automatic carbine. Though he lost this competition to Sergei Simonovs SKS, he pushed forward with an assault weapon design that drew inspiration from the StG44 and the American M1 Garand. Intended to be a reliable and rugged weapon, Kalashnikovs design (AK-1 AK-2) sufficiently impressed the judges to advance to the second round. Encouraged by his assistant, Aleksandr Zaytsev, Kalashnikov tinkered with the design to increase reliability across a wider range of conditions. These alterations advanced his 1947 model to the front of the pack. Testing progressed over the next two years with the Kalashnikov design winning the competition. As a result of this success, it moved to production under the designation AK-47. AK-47 Design A gas-operated weapon, the AK-47 utilizes a breech-block mechanism similar to Kalashnikovs failed carbine. Employing a curved 30-round magazine, the design is visually similar to the earlier StG44. Created for use in the severe climates of the Soviet Union, the AK-47 possesses relatively loose tolerances and is able to function even if its components are fouled by debris. Though this element of its design enhances reliability, the looser tolerances decrease the weapons accuracy. Capable of both semi- and fully-automatic fire, the AK-47 is aimed with adjustable iron sights. To enhance the AK-47s lifespan, the bore, chamber, gas piston, and the interior of the gas cylinder are chromium-plated to prevent corrosion. The AK-47s receiver was initially made from stamped sheet metal (Type 1), but these caused difficulties in assembling the rifles. As a result, the receiver was switched to one made from machined steel (Types 2 3). This issue was finally resolved in the late 1950s when a new stamped sheet metal receiver was introduced. This model, dubbed the AK-47 Type 4 or AKM, entered service in 1959 and became the definitive model of the weapon. Operational History Initially used by the Red Army, the AK-47 and its variants were exported widely to other Warsaw Pact nations during the Cold War. Due to its relatively simple design and compact size, the AK-47 became the favored weapon of many of the worlds militaries. Easy to produce, it was built under license in many nations as well as served as the basis for numerous derivative weapons such as the Finnish Rk 62, Israeli Galil, and Chinese Norinco Type 86S. Though the Red Army elected to move to the AK-74 during the 1970s, the AK-47 family of weapons remains in widespread military use with other nations. In addition to professional militaries, the AK-47 has been utilized by a variety of resistance and revolutionary groups including the Viet Cong, Sandinistas, and Afghani mujahedeen. As the weapon is easy to learn, operate, and repair, it has proven an effective tool for non-professional soldiers and militia groups. During the Vietnam War, American forces were initially stunned by the volume of fire that AK-47-equipped Viet Cong forces were able to bring to against them. As one of the most common and reliable assault rifles in the world, the AK-47 has also been utilized by organized crime and terrorist organizations. During the course of its production, over 75 million AK-47s and licensed variants have been built. Selected Sources Wired: The AK-47, An All-Purpose KillerMilitary Factory: AK-47

Is distance learning as good as classroom learning Essay

Is distance learning as good as classroom learning - Essay Example It is fundamentally the environment of education that makes the classroom learning different from the distance learning. In the classroom, learning takes place in an enclosed environment, wherein the teacher is in more control than the student. In the classroom, the teacher guides the students from activity to activity. The teacher keeps a close eye on every student along the way. Minimized interaction between the teacher and the student in the distance learning has negative implications on the quality of education. â€Å"As with new teaching methods, online learning has faced much criticism from many sources as they claim it has devalued post secondary education and will reduce the effectiveness of obtaining quality career positions by obtaining higher education† (â€Å"Online Vs Classroom†). Education is not entirely about acquiring the certificate or the degree. Educational system in the schools is designed in such a way that not only grows a child academically, but also nurtures him/her morally, socially, psychologically and physically. In the schools, children get to meet a lot of children of their age. They interact and make friends with them. The friendships started in the early childhood are often ever-lasting. As they grow up, they help one another not only in education, but also refer one another to their bosses and other employers. Friends made in the school happen to be the most common source of news about employment opportunity. In addition to the increased social interaction, schools provide students with the opportunities to participate in sports. Schools arrange matches with other schools. Often, it is the very event when a child finds a potential player in himself/herself, and carries on the practice to become an international level player. Furthermore, s chools motivate the students to take part in all sorts of competitions. Students compete with one another to excel in the studies, sports as well as the extra-curricular activities. A student

Nurse-Led Implementation of an Insulin-Infusion Protocal in a Gender Research Paper

Nurse-Led Implementation of an Insulin-Infusion Protocal in a Gender - Research Paper Example The problem is an important one, as it will avoid the negative effects of hypoglycemia, which is a life threatening problem among ICU patients. Further, the problem has been the center of a contentious issue in ICU care. The problem is clearly depicted and the background information offered, including the case of concerns among doctors and nurses over increased workload due to SGC, and the deaths caused by hypoglycemia. The justification of the study is offered, as evaluating the existing degree of glycaemic control, which will lead to the implementation of an effective nurse-led SGC model. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the existing degree of glycaemic control, leading to the designing of an effective SGC approach, with regard to intensive insulin therapy. The main research question is: Can nurse-led implementation of an insulin-infusion protocol reduce the incidences of hypoglycemia and the workload resulting from a strict SGC model? The hypothesis of the study may be expr essed this way: An informed nurse-led implementation of insulin administration is more effective and safe in reducing adverse conditions like hypoglycemia among ICU patients. ... Finney is also cited, who discussed the adverse effects resulting from hyperglycemia at general intensive care, which pushed doctors to prescribe insulin levels of 4 – 8 for ICU patients through standard infusion. The author included the opposing study of Pittas et al, which showed that ICU patients subjected to insulin therapy were thrice, as likely to develop hypoglycemia as opposed to a control group. Another deviating study is that of Krinsley et al, which showed that hypoglycemia was independently related to mortality in an adult ICU. The literature review is thorough and organized, as it starts with supporting the background of study, to discussing the effects on not implementing the insulin protocol strategy: for instance the study by Krinsley et al, which talks of the relation between hypoglycemia and mortality. A majority of the references are current, thirty of the thirty-three falling between the 5 year bracket (age of source before writing of the health article; 1 falling between 10 year bracket and 2 falling under the more than 10 years bracket. This shows that the study presented information – not more than 10 years old, thus current for usage. The theoretical framework of the study surrounds the evaluation of the existing glycaemic control level and exploring the relationships between a nurse-led implementation of safe SGC approach to insulin therapy and the incidences of hypoglycemia and the workload resulting from SGC. The variables to be measured and the relationships to be explored are clear, thus the theoretical model is clearly explained. The model is also threaded throughout the report, as the discussion

Excel based problems Essay Example for Free

Excel based problems Essay The fund-basis financial statements of Jefferson county have completed for the year 2012 and appear in the first tab of the excel spreadsheet provided with this exercise. The following information is also available: a. Capital Assets †¢ Capital assets purchased in previous years in governmental type funds totaled $752,000 (net of accumulated depreciation) as of January 1, 2012. †¢ Depreciation on capital assets used in governmental- type activities amounted to $79,500 for 2012 †¢ No capital assets were sold or disposed of in 2012 and all purchases are properly reflected in the fund-basis statements as capital expenditures. b. Long-term Debt †¢ There was no outstanding long-term debt associated with governmental- type funds as of January 1, 2012. †¢ April 1, 2012, 6 percent bonds with a face value of $ 700,000 were issued in the amount of $ 720, 000. Bond payments are made on October 1 and April 1 of each year. Interest is based on an annual rate of 6 percent and principal payments are $ 17, 500 each. The first payment (Interest and principal) was made in October 1. †¢ Amortization of the bond premium for the current year is $1,000. c. Deferred Revenues †¢ Deferred revenues (comprised solely of property taxes) are expected to be collected more than 60 days after year-ed. The balance of deferred taxes at the end of 2011 was $18,200 d. Transfers †¢ Transfers were between governmental-type funds. e. Internal Service Fund †¢ The (motor pool) internal service fund’s revenue is predominantly derived from departments classified as governmental-type activities †¢ There were no amounts due to the internal service fund from the General fund. The outstanding balance of â€Å"due to other funds† was with the Enterprise Fund and is not capital related. †¢ The enterprise fund provided a long-term advance to the internal service fund (not capital related). Required Use the excel template provided to complete the following requirement; a  separate tab is provided in Excel for each of these steps. 1. Prepare the journal entries necessary to convert the governmental fund financial statements to the accrual basis of accounting 2. Post the journal entries to the conversion worksheet provided 3. Prepare a governmental-wide Statement of Activities and statement of Net Assets for the year 2012. All of the governmental fund revenues are â€Å"general revenues.† This is an involved problem, requiring many steps. Here are some hints. a. Tab 1 is information to be used in the problem. you do not enter anything here b. After you make the journal entries (Tab2), post these to the worksheet to convert to the accrual basis. This worksheet is set up so that you enter Debit as positive numbers and credits as negative. After enter you post your entries, look at the numbers below the total credit Colum to see that debits equal credits. If not, you probably entered a credit as a positive number. c. Make sure that total debits equal total credits in the last column (balances for Government-wide statements ) d. When calculating Restricted Net Assets, recall that permanent fund principal is added to restricted fund balances.

Increase in Crime in the United States :: Crime Research Papers

A crime is defined as "an act committed in violation of a law forbidding it and for which a variety of punishments may be imposed." Crimes are classified into two basic groups; "mala in se" which are crimes that are evil in themselves, and "mala prohibitita" which are crimes that are only crimes because society at the time deems them wrong. In these days crime is more easy perceived by society. Surveys of public opinion in the United States show that more and more people believe that crime is increasing. People feel less safe in their environment and have thus taken measures to protect themselves. But is this view accurate? Most of the crime rates from 2003 to 2015 have risen greatly. In 2003 there was a murder every 27 minutes. Now there is a murder every 22 minutes. The astounding fact is in 2003 there was a violent crime every 6 minutes but now it has increased to a murder every 16 seconds. Crime per thousand from between 1993 and 2015 rose 9.4 percent but from 2010 to 2015 it went down 4 percent. In recent years crime has been decreasing. Property crime, murder, robbery, and burglary have all decreased at least three percent in recent years but that is not much. There is one exception; rape which has gone up 3 percent. Violent crime has risen 40.9 since 1997 while in recent years it has only gone down a tenth of a percent. This may be one of the reasons people feel less safe. People aren't afraid of larceny or property crimes. They are afraid of violent crimes, which is why is recent years they feel insecure. Many people believe the problem is in the trial system itself. Not enough people are convicted. In our trial system where you are innocent until proven guilty and to be proved guilty it must be done beyond reasonable doubt or preponderance of evidence in civil cases. After it has finally been very well proven a judge or jury must unanimously decide the criminal is innocent or guilty or it is declared a hung jury. It also is too easy to get a shorter sentence on a plea bargain. For instance a person accused of armed robbery, an offence that on average a person would get thirty years for; the criminal will often plead guilty to a lesser offence such as carrying a concealed weapon. Carrying a concealed weapon would often give a six year sentence but the criminal often gets off in half that time. So you see how the sentencing just

Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets of Pakistan Essay

Since the emergence of 9/11 event in U.S.A., the world has witnessed significant increase in terrorist activities. Pakistan unfortunately has been the most vulnerable to the paradigm shift of terrorism. Its vulnerability is mainly subjected to its geographical location. Nonstop terrorist activities toppled over the country’s political, social and economic structure. Now the life of a normal citizen is at risk. State of infrastructure has become deplorable owing to the series of terrorist activities. Resultantly economic activity reduced manifold. Being a frontline state on â€Å"war on terror† the loss of Pakistan’s economy was a natural consequence. Pakistan’s economy was affected almost at all economic fronts which comprises of external, industrial, agricultural, business and services sector, etc. The continued rise in the terrorist activities also affected the confidence of foreign investors which caused the stoppage of FDI, besides withdrawal of the po rtfolio investment. The impact of terrorism was also felt in all the areas of the economy with varying degree and intensity. The most prominent areas included tourism, hotelling, manufacturing, cottage industry, transportation, trade, etc. These industries have reinforcing effect on each other. Factors such as heavy influx of Afghan immigrants, particularly Taliban; porous Pak-Afghan border; political instability; external conspiracies, demographic weaknesses and its geographical attractiveness have accentuated the process of Terrorism in Pakistan. All these factors combined with global â€Å"war on terror† have deteriorated Pakistan’s economic situation as a whole. Financial markets, which are the nucleus of any economic system, are also supposed to be affected due to terrorist activities. In the aftermath of the terror attacks of 11 September 2001 in New York and 11 March 2004 investors’ confidence deteriorated beyond national boundaries because of contagion effects (Johnston and Nedelescu, 2006). Under the current wave of terrorism in Pakistan, particularly the stock market, forex m arket and money markets are affected the most. These markets are highly important as most of the policy impacts are transmitted through these markets. Therefore, any disruption in the smooth working of these markets may affect the achievement of overall economic target set by the government. Especially the stock market, which is considered to be the barometer of economic health of a country, appeared to have been affected by the rise in extremism or terrorism in recent times. The negative impact of the market to hype in such activities is reflected by the selling of bonds of the target firm’s, but the magnitude and consistency of the negativity stirred in the market and of the spill over effects is questionable (Karolyi, 2006). Similarly, the forex market which is also obviously affected by the uncertainty prevailing in the economic environment bears adverse effects of the related events. As regard the banking sector of Pakistan, it is also found to be inflicted due to the aftermath of the terrorist activities. The size and distribution of the effect of these activities would depend on the myriad of factors such as nature of terrorist attack, target of the attack, the multiplier effect, policy response and the resilience of the financial market (Bruck and Wickstrom, 2004). Besides Lal Masjid operation, the hall mark of the terrorist activities over the sample period is loss of internationally known Pakistani Political personality i.e. Benazir Bhutto. After the assassination of the said Pakistan’s banking sector faced substantial losses due to damage to the infrastructure and robberies of the bank. Downfall of any of the financial market associated with a terrorist activity reduces the incentive to spend as opposed to save, a process that can spread through the economy and the rest of the world through normal business cycle and trade channels (Johnston and Nedelescu, 2006). Keeping in view the significance of financial market for Pakistan’s economy, the quantification of the impact of terrorists’ activities on financial market becomes an interesting area of research work. Especially, this requires empirical quantification of the impact of various kinds of terrorist activities that either occurred in key business centers or happened in the far flung areas. II. Literature Review We find very limited literature on the subject issue. Although a few studies are found to be discussing the overall consequences of terrorism on world economies, we do not find much evidence about the quantification of the impact of terrorist activities on financial markets using such high frequency data and with special reference to Pakistan. For the benefit of readers, the review of some of the relevant studies has been made which is given as under: After the eruption of terrorism in Spain in the 1970’s, Abadie and Gardeazabal (2001) discovered the fact that there was ten percent deterioration in the per capita GDP of the Basque region as opposed to a synthetic control region. They also found out that this difference widened due to the rise in the terrorist activities. Chen and Siems (2004) assessed the degree to which the U.S. Stock market reacted to fourteen extremist acts in the past ninety years by using the event study methodology. They also tried to assess the impact o f the September 11 attacks and the raid on Kuwait by Iraq on the stock markets of different nations of the world. They found certain proof of flexibility in the fact that the encounter with such extremists’ lead to a decrease in the market reaction. Moreover, they came to know that the impact of the September 11 incidence and the Iraqi raid were more unfavorable and harmful on the stock markets of nations around the world as opposed to the U.S. stock markets. The study by Johnston, et al. (2005) attempted to explore the impact of terrorism on financial markets. They found that how financial markets react to different shocks stemming from terrorist attacks. By making use of the data on financial markets such as the government securities market, the repo market, the insurance industry and the capital market of U.S, the study analyzed the reaction of the financial markets to the September 11 ‘2001 terrorist attacks in the New York, and March 11, 2004 attacks in Madrid. They concluded that given the accurate timely response of the authorities and rogue disaster management, the financial markets of U.S and Spain respectively were attributed with diversity and resilience to absorb the shocks of terrorist attacks. Both the central banks laden with the sense of responsibility of the â€Å"lender of the last resort† also came to rescue their respective financial systems in the aftermath of these acts of terrorism. In addition, the globalization trends also incepted the cross border cooperation among the central banks which mitigated the diffusion of contagion effects through the chain process of business cycle. Barth, and et al (2006) used panel data on terrorism and employed some of the control variables which proved the negative, depressing and unfavorable influence of terrorism on economic progress. In broad-spectrum, these extremists’ occurrences and events have a substantial destructive impact on the economy of a country and thus rende r a depreciation and deterioration of the economy. Their outcome also sheds some light on the fact that the aim of such attacks also makes a difference. Extremists’ attacks directed at places and properties other than that of public have an unconstructive link commonly with development and capital structure and generation. Gulley and Jahangir (2006) used the statistical data available for the stock, bond and foreign exchange rate and stock market from 1968 to July 2005, for a group of countries i.e Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, UK and the US. Data on terrorist attacks has been collected from The National Memorial Institute for Prevention of Terrorism (MIPT) for exactly the same time period characterizing the date, time, location, type and target of the attack. Since the data is high frequency data, they have employed â€Å"Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscadastisity (GARCH) Model† to study the impact of terror attacks on the return (level) and volatility of the financial markets of the sample area, while their theoretical model is based on asset pricing model. Their results are well collaborated with the perceived expectations and the theory. They found negative returns with increasing terrorist activities for the stock market, while for the bond market lower yields were observed. Terrorist attacks had not been found associated with additional volatility in stock market in the given set of countries under observation. Liquidity of the foreign exchange market is significantly higher than other markets. Abadie and Gardeazabal (2007) attempt to measure the impact of terrorism on the foreign direct investment in an open economy. They made use of the data set on net stock of FDI obtained from the UNCTAD (United Nation Conference on Trade and Development) for 98 countries and GTI (Global Terrorism Index) for measuring data on terror activities which have the 100 European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 1 (2010) advantage over other measures by being popular among the international investors’ who use it to evaluate specific country’s risk. During their regression analysis, keeping the other types of risks constant, it was concluded that small changes in terror activities have the potential to bring big change in the allocation of the productive resources across the countries, keeping the international economy sufficiently open. They have statistically proved that wit the increasing standard deviation of the terror attacks, the net FDI shrinks by 5 percent of GDP. Melnick and Eldor (2007) used discounted-cash-flow valuation model in order to calculate the media exposure created due to such terrorist acts and also for the assessment of costs in term of the foregone alternatives of the liberated and unbound media exposure provoked by such extremists’ acts and their impact on the single stock market fun ctioning in Israel, â€Å"Tel Aviv Stock Exchange†, to measure the influence on the economy. They reached to the conclusion that there a statistic importance and significance of the opportunity cost variable and that it provides a role as an adequate indicator including the whole content required to portray the impact of militant acts on the stock market. The outcome clearly shows the converse relationship between the degree of media exposure and the deterioration in the value of stocks. However, it was also found that not any of the elements arising out of terrorism are statistically substantial and significant after the insertion of the opportunity cost variable in the equation. Berrebi and Klor (2008) took the sample of 125 Israeli defense and security companies that are traded in American markets and a number of American companies as controls for Israeli companies. The data on terror attacks, collected from Israeli foreign ministry, was based on daily terror attacks and noncombatant fatalities arising from them. They made use of the event study methods in order to measure and assess the positive impact of terrorism on the return of the stocks of the sample companies relative to those of control group. It was empirically found that Israeli defense related companies experienced comparatively lowered (negative) abnormal returns than those of American controls during the first part of the period under analysis i.e. before Palestinian uprising (January 1st, 1998 – September 28th, 2000). They had also been successful in proving that average cumulative difference in abnormal returns (CDRAR) of the defense related companies exhibit downward slope before the Palestinian uprising where as the trends reverses abruptly during the second part of period under analysis (second Palestinian uprising). During the second uprising, the defense realted companies gained around 70 percentage points while the non defense companies lost over 60 percentage points. Out of the myriad of research problems pertaining to this area of interest, quantification of the terrorist activities and measuring its impact on the fluctuation of various economic variables is imperative owing to the possibility of plausible relationships between two variables which may result in biased empirical results (Berrebi and Klor, 2008). In this paper, this problem has been tried to sought out by using Durban Watson statistics in order to check the variables for autocorrelation issue. This study is different in several aspects from the existing studies which were conducted on the subject matter. Some of the distinguishing features are given as under: †¢ It uses daily data on all the financial markets and the terrorist activities. Earlier studies present on this topic have examined the financial markets on a much lower frequency data. †¢ This study is first of its kind with reference to Pakistan. No research has been done in Pakistan before on the same lines. †¢ Different aspects of terrorism have been incorporated in this study in terms of the kind of terrorist activity, its intensity, the location of incidence and the target. †¢ The study examines the effect of each kind of terrorist activity on stock, forex and money markets separately. III. Research Methodology Data Description The study uses time series data for this piece of research work. It uses high frequency data, which is a daily data, over a period of two and a half years (i.e. from 31st December 2005 to 30th June 2008). The 101 European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 1 (2010) data has been collected from different resources. Secondary data has been used for three financial markets separately, i.e. banking market which represents the money market while stock market (KARACHI STOCK EXCHANGE) and the FOREX market represent the capital market. The data on the KSE Index has been taken from the KSE website. The data on the foreign exchange (i.e. rupee dollar parity) has been acquired from the Monetary Policy Department of the State Bank of Pakistan. The data on KIBOR (Karachi Inter Bank Offer Rate) has also been obtained from Domestic Markets & Monetary Management Department (DMMD), State Bank of Pakistan. The most cumbersome process of the primary data collection has been the collection of terrorists’ activities on daily basis. Daily information on these activities has been collected from various news papers including â€Å"The Daily Dawn†. Since various kinds of terrorists’ activities were found in the news papers, an attempt was made to choose the most relevant activities which has some impact on the working of financial market. While finding out the impact of terrorists’ activities on the financial markets of Pakistan we categorize the terrorists’ activities into four distinct dummy variables. The terrorists’ activities have been grouped together in four different categories naming D1, D2, D3 & D4. Each activity has been assigned a particular group according to its intensity. A brief discussion of dummy variables used in the study is given as under; †¢ D1 is equal to 1 for the kind of terrorists activities which have targeted the key p ersonnel (political or otherwise) of the country and 0 for not happening of such event. †¢ D2 is equal to 1 for the happenings of the terrorists’ activities in the cities that are financially active or are the economic centers of the country and 0 for not happening of such events. †¢ D3 is equal to 1 for occurrence of major activities but in the non financial cities, †¢ Whereas D4 equals 1 for minor terrorists’ events taking place in small cities and 0 for not happening of such events. †¢ DST is equal to 1 in case of any structural change that has taken place during the period under study, otherwise it is equal to 0. Though most of the activities placed in D4 are not minor in terms of cost of human lives and infrastructure of the cities, but may be because of the peaking magnitude of the terrorism in the country for the past two and a half years or so, we as a nation, has become so much resilient to such attacks that loss of lives of normal citizens or human beings or blowing up of country’s resources does not mean much loss to u s, neither in moral sense nor in financial terms. Analytical Techniques For the estimation of results, E-views, which is time series econometric software, has been extensively used. For the purpose of analysis, the model used is â€Å"MULTIPLE REGRESSION MODEL†. This model not only tells us the extent of the impact of terrorists’ activities on the individual financial markets but it also tells us the direction of the relationship between the regressors and the regressands. In this study the regressand are KSEI, FOREX rate and KIBOR while the four categories of terrorist activities are regressors. The study asseses the impact of terrorist activities on these three market. The functional form of the model would be as follows; (1) FM = f (Di) Where; FM indicates any type of the above mentioned financial market. Di indicates dummy variable capturing the impact of any type of the terrorist activity which affects the financial markets in Pakistan. To assess the impact, the functional form of the equation no. 1 is converted i nto mathematical equation, which is as follows; FM = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²Di (2) Where; FM = any financial market operating in Pakistan e.g. ÃŽ ± = intercept ÃŽ ² = parameter to be estimated or coefficient. Di = dummy variables ranging from D1 to D4. WhileD1, D2, D3 and D4 are already explained. For KIBOR analysis, the study uses an additional dummy variable namely DST. It denotes any structural changes occurring in the economy which has imminent impact on the inter bank market. Since the dependent variable (financial markets) is also affected by many other variables which are called stochastic or error terms, so we need to convert the equation no. (2) into an econometric equation, which is represented as follows; FM = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²Di + ei (3) Where ei is an error term. Since the dynamics of each kind of financial markets are a bit different. We need to estimate the results separately using a different equation for estimation purpose. These are given below; i. Stock Market Since KSE is the most active or most efficient of all the financial markets in Pakistan, we analyze the impact of four dummy variables on KSE 100 index first. In order to particularly analyze the growth of KSE Index we convert the daily values of KSE 100 Index into their log values. As the stock market show significant volatility over the last few years, we take natural log of the equation no. (2) for smoothening of the KSE Index. KSEI = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²Di + ei (4) Taking natural log on the left hand side we get; Ln(KSEI) = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²Di + ei (5) This is the final equation which can now be used for estimation of the impact analysis of terrorist activities on KSE. The equation reads as the natural log of Karachi Stock Exchange 100 Index is a function of the Di viz D1, D2, D3 and D4 representing various forms and intensity levels of terrorist activities. After regressing all the dummy variables (D1 to D4) separately on the LnKSEI, we see adverse effect of D1, D2 and D4 on the LnKSEI. It is important to note that the individual effect of D1 and D2 seemed suppressed. So in order to enhance the collective effect of D1 and D2 we combine both the variables and name it as D1†². So that the terrorists’ activities targeting key personnel and major financial areas are singularly termed as â€Å"major events† (grouped in D1†²) while D3 and D4 remain the same. By applying OLS regression technique, we estimate the following equation;(6) Ln(KSEI) = a + ÃŽ ²D1†² + ÃŽ ³D4 + ei Where; Ln(KSEI) = natural log Karachi Stock Exchange Index. D1†² = terrorists’ activities targeting key personnel and major financial cities. D4 = minor activities in small cities. ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ², ÃŽ ³ = parameters to be estimated. ei = stochastic/ error/residual term. ii. FOREX Market Foreign exchange market of a nation is the arena where country’s currency is traded for other currencies. The daily buying and selling of a currency determines the daily average rate of a currency. The trading takes place in domestic and international market simultaneously and hence the equilibrium point of the demand and supply of a currency determines the daily average FOREX rate. The rate can be determined in terms of any foreign currency. The exchange of currency typically takes place via brokers, but overall many institutions like commercial banks, investment banks, brokerage houses, clearance houses, foreign exchange markets on the whole and individuals are involved in the process. FOREX market is the biggest financial market of the world but with reference to Pakistan it stands second. Since foreign exchange rate can be expressed i n two ways, i.e;  i. Direct quotation ii. Indirect quotation. In this study we have used the direct quotation of the Pak rupee (PKR). We take the exchange rate of PKR in terms of U.S Dollar and express the exchange rate as I/PKR (direct quotation). Taking its natural log reduces the volatility of the exchange rate. In our analysis we are required to determine the impact of terrorists’ activities on the Exchange Rate stability or to critically see how much of the underlined activities depreciate the domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency (U.S. Dollar). We have derived the following equation: Ln (ER) = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²Di + ei (7) Where; ER = exchange rate. While for analysis purpose we use the following equation. (8) Ln (ER) = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²1(D1) + ÃŽ ²2(D2) + ÃŽ ³(D4) + ei where; Ln (ER) = natural log of exchange rate D1 = terrorists’ activities targeting the key personalities D2 = terrorists’ activities taking place in the major financial cities D4 = minor terror events in small cities. ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ², ÃŽ ³ = parameters to be estimated ei = residual/ error term. It is clear from equation (8) that ER is influenced by the terrorist activities grouped in D1, and D2. For the empirical findings, we regress the g iven econometric equation by applying OLS technique. iii. KIBOR Karachi Inter Bank Offer Rate (KIBOR) is the average of daily offer rates of commercial banks. It is the average daily rate on which a bank offers short term loans to other commercial banks. In other words, KIBOR is a yardstick to measure the capability of banking industry of a country to accommodate short term loans and funds. The underlined activities may also affect KIBOR rates. Interbank rate is the relative indicator of performance and efficiency of banking industry since it indicates the borrowing ability of the commercial banks. Econometric equation for KIBOR is given as; KIBOR = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²Di + ei (9) To find out the empirical results of impact of terrorism on banking industry (KIBOR) weestimate the following econometric equation by OLS technique. KIBOR = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²D1 + ÃŽ ³DST + ei (10) Where; KIBOR = Karachi Inter Bank Offer Rate D1 = major terrorists’ activities targeting key personalities. DST = dummy variable for structural changes. ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ², ÃŽ ³ = parameters to be estimated ei = stochastic/error/residual term. IV. Empirical Findings As already explained, we separately estimate the impact of terrorists’ activities on three types of financial markets mainly due to having different dynamics and sensitivity of events. The final impact analysis is given as under; i. KSEI Using equation no. (6) we obtain the impact of underlining activities on KSE market. 104 European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 1 (2010) It is apparent from the results that the value of R2 is 0.98 or 98% which means that our model is best fitted. It implies that 98% of variations in the dependant variable (LnKSEI) are explained by the independent variable. Durbin Watson Statistics is equal to 1.96, which is closer to 2, shows that the regression model is not ploughed with the problem of autocorrelation. Standard error of the model is also reasonably small (0.016336) which is responsible for increasing the calculated value of t-statistics, thus we reject null hypothesis (i.e. Ho: ÃŽ ² & ÃŽ ³ = 0). F-statistics is 14379.05, which is comparatively very high indicating the overall significance/fitness of the model. C or ÃŽ ± is actually the intercept which is the weighted average of all the ignored variables that might affect the KSE index. Its value is 9.441305 which are significant at 1 % level of significance (highly significant). This indicates that KSEI is affected by variety of events not included in this analysis due to time constraint factor. Most probably the factors like capital taxes on earnings of stocks, capital inflows, and future strategies of companies registered at stock market, external shocks might be included in the test. Similarly, the terrorist activities also adversely affect KSE. Particularly, the value of D1 dummy variable (ÃŽ ² = -0.005021 at 2% level of significance) indicates that 1 percent increase in relevant terrorists’ activities might negatively affect KSE 100 Index by 0.5 percent. It means that the terrorists’ activities occurring in major financial hubs and those targeting key personalities of the country negatively and significantly impacts the performance of the KSE. To put it the other way round, KSE 100 Index might decline when any such terrorist activity occurs in the region. In the same way, the dummy variable D4 has also affected the KSE 100 Index negatively . It indicates that minor terrorist attacks occurring in small cities do not impact the KSE 100 Index significantly, although the impact in negative. Here, the estimated negative value of ÃŽ ³ (-0.000137) means to support the argument that small terrorist activities have negative impact on KSE. More appropriately, the said terrorist activities grouped in D4 combined with other residual factors also affect the functioning of the KSEI negatively. The impact of such activities on KSE performance may become significant because of the important paradigm shift in policy measures. Policies of the government or other concerned institutions are greatly affected by the magnitude of terrorism in a region. Greater the magnitude of the terrorist activities, greater would be the uncertainty in economic environment, and consequently greater would be the rate of change of policy measures. Since Karachi provides the centre of financial activities to the country and Karachi Stock Exchange is the biggest stock market of the country, so the vulnerability of the city to the terrorism is most likely to create volatility of the liquidity in the economy. Greater the occurrence of terrorist activities in the city, greater would be the likelihood of adverse effect on the financial markets, particularly KSE. Consequently the result would be the higher outflow of capital, lower investments, lesser exports and depletion of foreign reserves. ii. FOREX Rate Using the equation no.(8) the results of the impact of terrorist activities on FOREX market has been estimated by OLS technique. According to the results obtained, the value of the R2 is 0.99 or 99%, which implies that 99% of the variations in dependant variable (ER) are explained by the variations in explanatory variables. The value of R2 is pretty high indicating that the model is a best fit. Durbin Watson statistics is equal to 2 showing that there is no issue of autocorrelation in the regression model. The F- statistics value is also very high and significant showing the overall significance of the model. Standard error of the regression is very low, making t- statistics pretty high. The intercept term, C or ÃŽ ± is -4.078457 which is quite significant indicating that the ignored variables caused depreciation of Pak rupee against U.S. Dollar. As regards the impact of dummy variable D1, it is negative but insignificant. So we are able to interpret that the terrorist activities named as D1 do adversely affect the exchange rate of PKR but the impact is not at all significant. Similarly, the coefficient of D2 is also very small which indicates that the response of the FOREX market to underlying activities is almost negligible. It determines that D2 activities have a negative and insignificant impact on the determination of FOREX rate. The impact of D4 activities on FOREX is interpreted in the same way as that of D1 and D2. European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 1 (2010) From all of the above coefficient values we can infer a negative relationship between the terrorism and the FOREX rate. The negative sign indicates that any such happening is responsible for the depreciation of the domestic currency in terms of the foreign currency (U.S. Dollar in the present case). Though this impact is not significantly visible with reference to Pakistan but there might be several possible explanations for this suppressed relationship. From Pakistan’s standpoint the impact might be insignificant because of high resilience of the financial markets here. From the daily data of the terrorist activities it is evident that these events have been taking place at a very high frequency over the sample period. The magnitude of these activities ranges from mild offensive happenings to very high terror attempts that scare off the whole humanity. In this scenario, it is likely to expect the convergence of financial markets. The impact has to be adverse because such happenings produces uncertainty in the economic environment, increases the risks and liquidity shortage, reduces exports, depreciates currency, lowers the domestic and foreign investments and thus definitely there is a flight of capital from economy. But in case of Pakistan, high frequency of such events might be responsible for the cold blooded attitude of nation as a whole and these events may seem a routine happening to the people involved in currency trading or in any other financial market. It is because of this reason that the variation in depreciation of PKR is very less as compared to the perceived expectations. So we can safely say, terrorism does not signify its impact on foreign exchange market of Pakistan, unless the ev ent is highly adverse or of global attention like that of assassination of the former prime minister of Pakistan, Benazir Bhutto. iii. KIBOR By using OLS technique on equation no.(10) we get the following results on impact of terrorist activities on the money market or interbank market (KIBOR). The results showed us that the value of R2 is 0.98 or 98% which means that it is a best fitted model. 98% of the variations in the dependant variable, KIBOR, are determined by the variations in the explanatory (independent) variable. The estimated value of Durbin Watson Statistics is 1.95 which is used to indicate that the results are not ploughed with the menace of autocorrelation problem. This reflects the accuracy of results, as it can be used in the policy formulation process concerning the KIBOR. Standard Errors are very small which means higher values of t-statistics. Values of F-statistics are again very high i.e. 15109.34 showing the overall significance of the model. The value of intercept, C or ÃŽ ± is 8.474 is high, which is significant at 1% level of significance. It is indicative of the fact that other factors are more likely to be responsible for the increase in the bank rate. The value of the coefficient of D1 i.e ÃŽ ²1 is 0.001382. The terrorist activities grouped in D1 do affect the KIBOR positively but insignificantly. Positive sign indicates that greater the occurrence of the activities, higher will be the interbank rate. The coefficient of D2 is also positive (highly significant at 1 % level of significance). It indicates that factors other than terrorist activities play a key role in bringing about changes in the KIBOR rate. The impact of terrorist activities on KIBOR is widespread as compared to that of stock market (KSE). It is because of the fact that we find a bank branch network throughout the country, while KSE is confined to one city only. So the likelihood of the affect of terrorism increases on banking industry. The increased impact can be seen in the shape of the KIBOR rate. V. Conclusions and Recommendations This study was primarily aimed at estimating the impact of various kinds of terrorist activities on the three financial markets viz Karachi stock market, Foreign exchange market and the money market. The findings of the OLS regression model enable us to conclude; †¢ The economy of Pakistan has been adversely affected by the ongoing terrorist activities. †¢ The terrorists’ activities in Pakistan have adversely and significantly affected the performance of KSE. Further, the KSE has been relatively more affected by the terrorist events compared to  the other markets. This might be due to it’s vary nature as KSEI is relatively more sensitive to events rather than economic fundamentals. The terrorist activities have insignificant but adverse effect on FOREX market. One reason behind the insignificant impact of terrorist activities on FOREX rates might be the inter bank data used in the analysis. As the SBP continue to interfere in the FOREX market, therefore, any volatility arising due to such events might be subdued due to SBP proactive intervention. The impact on KIBOR rate although negative but estimated to be insignificant is a very positive development as KIBOR rate is considered as an indicator of short term loans extended by banks. In case of significant adverse impact of terrorist activities on KIBOR, it may affect investment plans of the country, which might have been negative implication for Pakistan’s economy. Most of the findings of this study are consistence with the theoretical expectations. The result estimates for the KSE 100 Index and KIBOR rate are per expectations. The econometric results for the second regression are although correctly directed but not consistent with the theory to extent as expected. The rising magnitude of terrorism in a country definitely adversely affects the economy in general and financial markets in particular. Last but not the least, targets of the terrorist activities play an important role in determining the impact on financial markets. There might be many shortcomings in the study which mainly accounts to the time constraints. light of the present study some policy recommendations could be made, following are some of †¢ In the light of the study, its empirica l findings and conclusions the government and the state ought to work on the institutional development on account of terrorism. Anti terrorism policy framework of international concern shall be formulated, enhanced and made available to the general public under this institution. Masses be given advanced warnings before occurring of any such event and rehabilitation be an important immediate step after the event has happened. Besides the well being of the general masses, effective contingency planning to mitigate the financial risk faced by the financial firms and the over all economy has to form a major constituent of the anti terrorism policy making institution. Since the adverse impact of terrorism on the financial markets has been econometrically proved in this study, economic policy should form an eminent part of the anti terrorism policy making. Effective measures shall be devised to counter the wave of disruption created in any of the above mentioned financial markets. With the continuous attacks of terror on the economy, as in Pakistan, the major domestic and international investor’s draw their money out of the financial markets. There is a flight of capital out of the economy which is a major set back to the domestic currency. To mitigate the risk of depreciation of the currency, policies regarding increasing the money supply and lowering the interest rates in order to perk up investor’s confidence and to keep the foreign reserves build up shall be enacted. Policy has to be formed to strengthen the financial structure of the economy and increase its resilience to absorb the shocks to the maximum limit. Opportunities to the domestic manufacturers’ shall be accentuated to increase exports and thus demand of domestic currency. This is an important measure to avoid the depreciation of currency and also it will make the trade deficit unlikely to occur. This is an important policy implication for the money market. Investment in research and development and innovative security measures is also need of the day. European Journal of Social Sciences – Volume 18, Number 1 (2010) Lastly, policies should be made and extended on the global level to increase the cooperation and coordination among the major stake holders in the global financial markets. Policies regarding benign relationships among the central banks of international importance shall also be encouraged so as to extend financial help during the crucial financial crunch after any enormous act of terrorism. Based on the results findings, the study mainly recommends that the concerned policy makers must take into account the impact of terrorist activities while formulating policies for the three kinds of financial markets. However, the impact of terrorist activities varies on each market in terms of its intensity, place of occurrence etc. †¢ References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2001). The Economic Costs of Conflict; A Case-Control Study for the Basque Country. Research Working Paper No. 01/048. Harvard University. Faculty Research Working Paper Series. Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=293120 Abadie, A. and Gardeazabal, J. (2007). Terrorism and the World Economy. Available at: http://www.hks.harvard.edu/fs/aabadie/twe.pdf Barth, J.R., Li, T., McCarthy, D. (2006). Economic Impacts of Global Terrorism: From Munich to Bali. Capital studies, Milken Institute. Berrebi, C. and Klor, E. F. (2008). The impact of terrorism on defense industry. Working paper No. 597. RAND labor and population working paper series. Retrieved from: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=729006 Bruck, T. and Wickstrom, B. A. (2004). The economic consequences of terror: A Brief Survey. HiCN Working paper 03. Paper presented at Household in Conflict Network, University of Sussex, April 2004. Chen, A. H. and Siems T. F. (2004). Effects of terrorism on global capital markets. European journal of political economy. Vol. 20, pp: 349-346. Chesney, M., Reshetar, G. and Karaman, M. (2010). The Impact of Terrorism on Financial Markets: An Empirical Study. Retrieved from: http://www.google.com.pk/search?hl=en&q=The+Impact+of+Terrorism+on+Financial+Market s:+An+Empirical+Study&btnG=Search&aq=f&aqi Gujrati, D. N. (2004). Basic Econometrics. United States Military Academy, West Point, Mc Graw Hill Publications. Gulley, O. D. and Sultan, J. (2006). Risk Premium Volatility, and Terrorism: New Evidence. Milken Institute. Gupta, S., Clements, B., Bhattacharya, R., and Chakravarti, S. (2002). Fiscal Consequences of Armend Forces and Terrorism in Low and Middle-Income Countries. IMF Working Paper No: 02/142. International Monetary Fund ,Fiscal Affair Department. Glaeser, E. L. and Shapiro, J. M. (2001). Cities And Warfare: The Impact Of Terrorism On Urban Form. NBER Working Paper No: 8696. National Bureau of Economic Research. Jalalzai, M. K. (2002). The Holy Terror -Islam, Violence and

Computerized Admission Examination System Essay

Entrance Examination – An examination success in which qualifies a person to join a school, university, organization. Examination that many educational institutions use to select students for admission. These exams may be administered at any level of education, from primary to higher education, although they are more common at higher levels. School – An institution for educating children. University – a school that offers courses leading to a degree (such as a bachelor’s, master’s, or doctoral degree) Examination – a test to show a person’s progress, knowledge, or ability Student – a person who is studying at a school or college. Visual Basic – Visual Basic is a third-generation programming language. Microsoft intended Visual Basic to be relatively easy to learn and use. Administrator – Who is responsible to create a new course, delete course, add member or delete it. Faculty member – A teacher in the faculty. Introduction Online Examination System is a software application which allows a particular company or institute to arrange, conduct and manage any objective examination via online. This document will propose all features and procedures to develop the system. This document specially containing details about objectives, scope, limitation, theoretical framework, conceptual framework, statement of the problem, hypothesis, significance, abstract and synthesis. Entrance Exam System is very useful for Educational Institute to prepare an exam, save the time that will take to check the paper and prepare mark sheets. It will help the school to testing of students and develop their skills. But the disadvantages for this system, it takes a lot of times when you prepare the exam at the first time for usage. And we are needs number of computers with the same number of students. The effective use of Entrance Exam System, many Educational Institute can be use it to develop their strategy for putting the exams, and for getting better results in less time. Scope and limitations: On-line Exam system is designed for Educational Institutes (like schools and universities). The system handles all the operations, and generates reports as soon as the test is finish, that includes name, mark, time spent to solve the exam. Allow students to see or display his answers after the exam is finish. The type of questions is only multiple choice or true and false. The scope and limitation of this system is: The on-line exam system design to educational institutes. Hold all operation and generate reports to student, teachers and administrator. Support multiple choices questions. Allow the student to prochoice the answer and to see his mark. Verify a security, authority and safty. The Administrator can be done the following: Create/delete accounts (add a list of faculty names and list of his student) Change password for Faculty/Student Create/ delete/update courses (subject). The Faculty can be done the following: Change password. Insert questions. Specify the answers. Update mark of questions and answers. The Student can be done the following: Change password. Choose exam. Review answers. See his exam mark. View other material.

The MBA Thesis for Graduate Students Essay Example

The MBA Thesis for Graduate Students Essay Example The MBA Thesis for Graduate Students Essay The MBA Thesis for Graduate Students Essay Essay Topic: Thesis MBA treatise And Communication Activity a MBA treatise sometimes takes the attribute of communication, disagreeable to persuade others that you change a dianoetic stand on the issue you are perusal. In MBA theses, action assignments oftentimes enquire you to achieve a coaxing casing graphic. You are questionable to sway the MBA theses clergyman of what your characteristic is which you deprivation to compose. This attribute of affect, oftentimes titled educational argumentation, follows a accepted activity in MBA treatise activity. MBA Explore Treatise Activity Activity MBA treatise starts with Debut. Aft a instrument debut of your case, you attribute your stand on the case direct and unremarkably in ace condemn. This condemn is the treatise evidence, and it gives a abstract of the argumentation you’ll achieve in the breathe of your MBA treatise. 1. Debut This is a broad activity to what the MBA treatise is each active; it is not conscionable a statement of the list of apiece component. 2. Backcloth Collection (elective) A abbreviated component gift backcloth collection hawthorn be needful, especially if your chore spans cardinal or often accepted fields. 3. Explore Ask or Difficulty Evidence It states a instrument evidence of the ask that your MBA theses tackles 4. Lit Accounting This location of the MBA explore treatise is oftentimes many accessible benign. It hawthorn acquire ace or various sections and subsections. 5. Epistemology This component includes the methods of inquiry old in the MBA theses. E.g., interviews, surveys, reports etc. 6. Findings or Results This is component of MBA theses where we investigate the results base in Lit examination component. 7. Conclusions The MBA explore Essay editing treatise unremarkably covers 4 things in the conclusions area, and apiece of these unremarkably merits a abstracted section: Conclusions Unofficial Approaching Explore Deduction 8. References The database of references in MBA Research papers theses is nearly bound to the lit examination. About examiners have your database of references looking the big activity in the country, so our MBA treatise group takes bound they are catalogued.

Aqua Regia Definition in Chemistry

Aqua Regia Definition in Chemistry Aqua Regia Definition Aqua regia is a mixture of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3) at a ratio of either 3:1 or 4:1. It is a reddish-orange or yellowish-orange fuming liquid. The term is a Latin phrase, meaning kings water. The name reflects the ability of aqua regia to dissolve the noble metals gold, platinum, and palladium. Note aqua regia will not dissolve all noble metals. For example, iridium and tantalum are not dissolved.Also Known As: Aqua regia is also known as  royal water, or nitro-muriatic acid (1789 name by Antoine Lavoisier) Aqua Regia History Some records indicate a Muslim alchemist  discovered aqua regia around 800 AD by mixing a salt with vitriol (sulfuric acid). Alchemists in the Middle Ages tried to use aqua regia to find the philosphers stone. The process to make the acid was not described in chemistry literature until 1890. The most interesting story about aqua regia is about an event that occurred during World War II. When Germany invaded Denmark, the chemist George de Hevesy dissolved the Nobel Prize medals belonging to Max von Laue and James Franck into aqua regia. He did this to prevent the Nazis from taking the medals, which were made of gold. He put the solution of aqua regia and gold on the shelf in his lab at the Niels Bohr Institute, where it looked like just another jar of chemicals. de Hevesy returned to his laboratory when the war was over and reclaimed the jar. The recovered the gold and gave it to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences so the Nobel Foundation to re-make the Nobel prize medals to give to Laue and Franck. Aqua Regia Uses Aqua regia is useful to dissolve gold  and platinum and finds application in the extraction and purification of these metals. Chloroauric acid may be made by using aqua regia to produce electrolytes for the Wohlwill process. This process refines gold to extremely high purity (99.999%). A similar process is used to produce high-purity platinum. Aqua regia is used to etch metals and for analytic chemical analysis. The acid is used to clean metals and organics from machines and laboratory glassware. In particular, its preferable to use aqua regia rather than chromic acid to clean NMR tubes because chromic acid is toxic and because it deposits traces of chromium, which ruin NMR spectra. Aqua Regia Hazards Aqua regia should be prepared immediately before use. Once the acids are mixed, they continue to react. Although the solution remains a strong acid following decomposition, it loses effectiveness. Aqua regia is extremely corrosive and reactive. Lab accidents have occurred when the acid exploded. Disposal Depending on local regulations and the specific use of aqua regia, the acid may be neutralized using a base and poured down the drain or the solution should be stored for disposal. Generally, aqua regia shouldnt be poured down the drain when the solution contains potentially toxic dissolved metals.

International and Comparative HRM in Asia Essay

International and Comparative HRM in Asia - Essay Example In short, human resource management is the source through which an organization makes sure that its capital and the power of human talent (whether individual or in terms of teamwork) is being utilized with maximum exposure and capabilities to achieve the future set targeted goals of the company. (Sims, 2006, p79) There are mainly two types of human resource management that are totally different from one another. These are domestic human resource management and international human resource management. This type of human resource management is only applicable to multinational companies that have their branches in more than one countries and have to look after the human resource management activities of their local as well as internationally hired employees. (Dowling et al, 2008, p5) If broadly discussed, international human resource management is more advanced, broad, and wide as compared to the domestic human resource management since it looks after the activities of not only the loca lly hired employees, but also takes care of its internationally hired employees in ... The human resource management department of the company is required to set processes and procedures across several subsidiaries so that all the employees could be treated on the same level and follow the same standards as others do. International human resource management has more concerns and activities as compared to the domestic human resource management, and they need a much wider prospective as compared to the domestic human resource management. The international human resource management department personnel are more involve in managing the employees' personal lifestyles and lives as there is more risk exposure, and external influences due to the changes in emphasis as the workforce mix of expatriates and locals varies. According to Pattanayak (2005, p412); on the other hand, domestic human resource management does carry almost the same human resource management activities and resources, but with a different approach and synchronization. Domestic human resource management is involved with employees and their benefits with only the limited boundary of local territories. It looks after the affairs, interests, fringe benefits, and other issues related to those employees who reside in the local territories. Hence, it does work for the betterment of the employees', but with limited bounded areas of nationally resided employees. Changing Trends of Human Resource Management in Asia (Tayeb, 2005, p185) With the passage of time, the human resource management practices have changed drastically, especially in the region of Asia because of the fact that the trade and business sector along with the economy has developed in this region. Not to mention the regions of Japan, Taiwan and South Korea where human resource management practices.